System Overlord

A blog about security engineering, research, and general hacking.

BSides SF 2020 CTF: Infrastructure Engineering and Lessons Learned

27 Feb 2020 in Security (Reading time: 13 minutes)

Last weekend, I had the pleasure of running the BSides San Francisco CTF along with friends and co-conspirators c0rg1, symmetric and iagox86. This is something like the 4th or 5th year in a row that I’ve been involved in this, and every year, we try to do a better job than the year before, but we also try to do new things and push the boundaries. I’m going to review some of the infrastructure we used, challenges we faced, and lessons we learned for next year.

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Hacker Holiday Gift Guide (HHGG) 2019

27 Nov 2019 in Security (Reading time: 15 minutes)

I wanted to put together a few thoughts I had on gifts for my fellow hackers this holiday season. I’m including a variety of different things to appeal to almost anyone involved in information security or hardware hacking, but I’m obviously a bit biased to my own areas of interest. I’ve tried to roughly categorize things, but they tend to transcend boundaries somewhat. Got a suggestion I missed? Hit me up on Twitter.

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Backing up to Google Cloud Storage with Duplicity and Service Accounts

23 Sep 2019 in Computer (Reading time: 4 minutes)

I wanted to use duplicity to backup to Google Cloud Storage. I looked into it briefly and found that the boto library, originally for AWS, also supports GCS, but only using authorization tokens. I’d rather use a service account, for which authorization tokens are not available.

I looked into the options and the best information I could find was a Medium post, but it also describes using authorization tokens and creating a separate GMail/Google Apps account for the access. I’d really prefer to go with a service account to avoid having to sign up another account, and to be able to use more granular ACLs for the service account.

It turns out there’s a boto plugin for GCS with OAuth2 support, but enabling a boto plugin in duplicity isn’t straight-forward. You can point it to a “plugin directory” that causes duplicity to import any python files in the directory, but this doesn’t work if you point it directly to the gcs_oauth2_boto_plugin directory.

Install Requirements

Install the following:

Create your GCS Bucket

Create a GCS bucket. In my case, I set the default storage class to “nearline” because I expect backups to be infrequently accessed (I hope), and I plan to retain the data for the minimum 30 day retention. It’s also cheaper than standard storage, so a great combination for backups.

GCS Bucket Setup

Create your service account

Next up, you need to create a service account and grant it the appropriate permissions on the bucket. Go through IAM > Service Account and create a new service account. You don’t need to grant it any roles at this time, but at the end, you should select to “Create key” and download a JSON-formatted service account key.

Go back to the bucket you created, and go to the Permissions tab. Add the service account you just created as a “Storage Object Creator” and a “Storage Object Viewer”.

Create the Boto Configuration

For this, you’ll need the Google Cloud SDK tool gsutil. Run gsutil -e -o <path to your new config>, and provide the JSON file when prompted. Note that the JSON file is only referenced by the config, so if you move it somewhere else, you’ll need to update the configuration. (Or move it first, then run it.)

This will create the necessary configuration for boto to authenticate to GCS. You’ll still need to add the support for OAuth2 authentication, so first create an empty directory to serve as your plugin directory. In my case, I created a directory ~/.config/boto/plugins for all my plugins. In it, I created one file called gcs.py whose only contents is the following:

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import gcs_oauth2_boto_plugin

I then added the following to the bottom of my boto configuration file:

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[Plugin]
plugin_directory = /home/matir/.config/boto/plugins

This will result in boto loading the gcs_oauth2_boto_plugin python module for OAuth2 authentication on GCS when being loaded into duplicity.

Setup the Duplicity Command

At this point, it’s almost like running any duplicity backup. If you chose to place your boto configuration in a non-standard location, just set the environment variable BOTO_CONFIG to point to the configuration file. I run the following:

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export BOTO_CONFIG=${HOME}/.config/boto/boto_backups

duplicity \
  incremental \
  --full-if-older-than 30D \
  ${HOME} \
  gs://demo-backup-bucket

Hacker Summer Camp 2019: The DEF CON Data Duplication Village

05 Sep 2019 in Security (Reading time: 12 minutes)

One last post from Summer Camp this year (it’s been a busy month!) – this one about the “Data Duplication Village” at DEF CON. In addition to talks, the Data Duplication Village offers an opportunity to get your hands on the highest quality hacker bits – that is, copies of somewhere between 15 and 18TB of data spread across 3 6TB hard drives.

I’d been curious about the DDV for a couple of years, but never participated before. I decided to change that when I saw 6TB Ironwolf NAS drives on sale a few weeks before DEF CON. I wasn’t quite sure what to expect, as the description provided by the DDV is a little bit sparse:

6TB drive 1-3: All past convention videos that DT can find - essentially a clone of infocon.org - building on last year’s collection and re-squished with brand new codecs for your size constraining pleasures.

6TB drive 2-3: freerainbowtables hash tables (lanman, mysqlsha1, NTLM) and word lists (1-2)

6TB drive 3-3: freerainbowtables GSM A5/1, md5 hash tables, and software (2-2)

Drive 1-3 seems pretty straightforward, but I spent a lot of time debating if the other two were worth getting. (And, to be honest, I think they’re cool to have, but not sure if I’ll really make good use of them.)

I want to thank the operators of the DDV for their efforts, and also my wife for dropping off and picking up my drives while I was otherwise occupied (work obligations).

It’s worth noting that, as far as I can tell, all of the contents of the drives here is available as a torrent, so you can always get the data that way. On the other hand, torrenting 15.07 TiB (16189363384 KiB to be precise) might not be your cup of tea, especially if you have a mere 75 Mbps internet connection like mine.

If you want a detailed list of the contents of each drive (along with sha256sums), I’ve posted them to Github. If you choose to participate next year, note that your drives must be 7200 RPM SATA drives (apparently several people had to be turned away due to 5400 RPM drives, which slow down the entire cloning process).

Drive 1

Drive 1 really does seem to be a copy of infocon.org, it’s got dozens of conferences archived on it, adding up to a total of 132,253 files. Just to give you a taste, here’s a high-level index:

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./cons
./cons/2600
./cons/44Con
./cons/ACK Security Conference
./cons/ACoD
./cons/AIDE
./cons/ANYCon
./cons/ATT&CKcon
./cons/AVTokyo
./cons/Android Security Symposium
./cons/ArchC0N
./cons/Area41
./cons/AthCon
./cons/AtlSecCon
./cons/AusCERT
./cons/BalCCon
./cons/Black Alps
./cons/Black Hat
./cons/BloomCON
./cons/Blue Hat
./cons/BodyHacking
./cons/Bornhack
./cons/BotConf
./cons/BrrCon
./cons/BruCON
./cons/CERIAS
./cons/CODE BLUE
./cons/COIS
./cons/CONFidence
./cons/COUNTERMEASURE
./cons/CYBERWARCON
./cons/CackalackyCon
./cons/CactusCon
./cons/CarolinaCon
./cons/Chaos Computer Club - Camp
./cons/Chaos Computer Club - Congress
./cons/Chaos Computer Club - CryptoCon
./cons/Chaos Computer Club - Easterhegg
./cons/Chaos Computer Club - SigInt
./cons/CharruaCon
./cons/CircleCityCon
./cons/ConVerge
./cons/CornCon
./cons/CrikeyCon
./cons/CyCon
./cons/CypherCon
./cons/DEF CON
./cons/DakotaCon
./cons/DeepSec
./cons/DefCamp
./cons/DerbyCon
./cons/DevSecCon
./cons/Disobey
./cons/DojoCon
./cons/DragonJAR
./cons/Ekoparty
./cons/Electromagnetic Field
./cons/FOSDEM
./cons/FSec
./cons/GreHack
./cons/GrrCON
./cons/HCPP
./cons/HITCON
./cons/Hack In Paris
./cons/Hack In The Box
./cons/Hack In The Random
./cons/Hack.lu
./cons/Hack3rcon
./cons/HackInBo
./cons/HackWest
./cons/Hackaday
./cons/Hacker Hotel
./cons/Hackers 2 Hackers Conference
./cons/Hackers At Large
./cons/Hackfest
./cons/Hacking At Random
./cons/Hackito Ergo Sum
./cons/Hacks In Taiwan
./cons/Hacktivity
./cons/Hash Days
./cons/HouSecCon
./cons/ICANN
./cons/IEEE Security and Privacy
./cons/IETF
./cons/IRISSCERT
./cons/Infiltrate
./cons/InfoWarCon
./cons/Insomnihack
./cons/KazHackStan
./cons/KiwiCon
./cons/LASCON
./cons/LASER
./cons/LangSec
./cons/LayerOne
./cons/LevelUp
./cons/LocoMocoSec
./cons/Louisville Metro InfoSec
./cons/MISP Summit
./cons/NANOG
./cons/NoNameCon
./cons/NolaCon
./cons/NorthSec
./cons/NotACon
./cons/NotPinkCon
./cons/Nuit Du Hack
./cons/NullCon
./cons/O'Reilly Security
./cons/OISF
./cons/OPCDE
./cons/OURSA
./cons/OWASP
./cons/Observe Hack Make
./cons/OffensiveCon
./cons/OzSecCon
./cons/PETS
./cons/PH-Neutral
./cons/Pacific Hackers
./cons/PasswordsCon
./cons/PhreakNIC
./cons/Positive Hack Days
./cons/Privacy Camp
./cons/QuahogCon
./cons/REcon
./cons/ROMHACK
./cons/RSA
./cons/RVAsec
./cons/Real World Crypto
./cons/RightsCon
./cons/RoadSec
./cons/Rooted CON
./cons/Rubicon
./cons/RuhrSec
./cons/RuxCon
./cons/S4
./cons/SANS
./cons/SEC-T
./cons/SHA2017
./cons/SIRAcon
./cons/SOURCE
./cons/SaintCon
./cons/SecTor
./cons/SecureWV
./cons/Securi-Tay
./cons/Security BSides
./cons/Security Fest
./cons/Security Onion
./cons/Security PWNing
./cons/Shakacon
./cons/ShellCon
./cons/ShmooCon
./cons/ShowMeCon
./cons/SkyDogCon
./cons/SteelCon
./cons/SummerCon
./cons/SyScan
./cons/THREAT CON
./cons/TROOPERS
./cons/TakeDownCon
./cons/Texas Cyber Summit
./cons/TheIACR
./cons/TheLongCon
./cons/TheSAS
./cons/Thotcon
./cons/Toorcon
./cons/TrustyCon
./cons/USENIX ATC
./cons/USENIX Enigma
./cons/USENIX Security
./cons/USENIX WOOT
./cons/Unrestcon
./cons/Virus Bulletin
./cons/WAHCKon
./cons/What The Hack
./cons/Wild West Hackin Fest
./cons/You Shot The Sheriff
./cons/Zero Day Con
./cons/ZeroNights
./cons/c0c0n
./cons/eth0
./cons/hardware.io
./cons/outerz0ne
./cons/r00tz Asylum
./cons/r2con
./cons/rootc0n
./cons/t2 infosec
./cons/x33fcon
./documentaries
./documentaries/Hacker Movies
./documentaries/Hacking Documentaries
./documentaries/Other
./documentaries/Pirate Documentary
./documentaries/Tech Documentary
./documentaries/Tools
./infocon.jpg
./mirrors
./mirrors/cryptome.org-July-2019.rar
./mirrors/gutenberg-15-July-2019.net.au.rar
./rainbow tables
./rainbow tables/## READ ME RAINBOW TABLES ##.txt
./rainbow tables/rainbow table software
./skills
./skills/Lock Picking
./skills/MAKE

Drive 2

Drive 2 contains the promised rainbow tables (lanman, ntlm, and mysqlsha1) as well as a bunch of wordlists. I actually wonder how a 128GB wordlist would compare to applying rules to something like rockyou – bigger is not always better, and often, you want high yield unless you’re trying to crack something obscure.

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./lanman
./lanman/lm_all-space#1-7_0
./lanman/lm_all-space#1-7_1
./lanman/lm_all-space#1-7_2
./lanman/lm_all-space#1-7_3
./lanman/lm_lm-frt-cp437-850#1-7_0
./lanman/lm_lm-frt-cp437-850#1-7_1
./lanman/lm_lm-frt-cp437-850#1-7_2
./lanman/lm_lm-frt-cp437-850#1-7_3
./mysqlsha1
./mysqlsha1/mysqlsha1_loweralpha#1-10_0
./mysqlsha1/mysqlsha1_loweralpha#1-10_1
./mysqlsha1/mysqlsha1_loweralpha#1-10_2
./mysqlsha1/mysqlsha1_loweralpha#1-10_3
./mysqlsha1/mysqlsha1_loweralpha-numeric#1-10_0
./mysqlsha1/mysqlsha1_loweralpha-numeric#1-10_16
./mysqlsha1/mysqlsha1_loweralpha-numeric#1-10_24
./mysqlsha1/mysqlsha1_loweralpha-numeric#1-10_8
./mysqlsha1/mysqlsha1_loweralpha-numeric-space#1-8_0
./mysqlsha1/mysqlsha1_loweralpha-numeric-space#1-8_1
./mysqlsha1/mysqlsha1_loweralpha-numeric-space#1-8_2
./mysqlsha1/mysqlsha1_loweralpha-numeric-space#1-8_3
./mysqlsha1/mysqlsha1_loweralpha-numeric-space#1-9_0
./mysqlsha1/mysqlsha1_loweralpha-numeric-space#1-9_1
./mysqlsha1/mysqlsha1_loweralpha-numeric-space#1-9_2
./mysqlsha1/mysqlsha1_loweralpha-numeric-space#1-9_3
./mysqlsha1/mysqlsha1_loweralpha-numeric-symbol32-space#1-7_0
./mysqlsha1/mysqlsha1_loweralpha-numeric-symbol32-space#1-7_1
./mysqlsha1/mysqlsha1_loweralpha-numeric-symbol32-space#1-7_2
./mysqlsha1/mysqlsha1_loweralpha-numeric-symbol32-space#1-7_3
./mysqlsha1/mysqlsha1_loweralpha-numeric-symbol32-space#1-8_0
./mysqlsha1/mysqlsha1_loweralpha-numeric-symbol32-space#1-8_1
./mysqlsha1/mysqlsha1_loweralpha-numeric-symbol32-space#1-8_2
./mysqlsha1/mysqlsha1_loweralpha-numeric-symbol32-space#1-8_3
./mysqlsha1/mysqlsha1_loweralpha-space#1-9_0
./mysqlsha1/mysqlsha1_loweralpha-space#1-9_1
./mysqlsha1/mysqlsha1_loweralpha-space#1-9_2
./mysqlsha1/mysqlsha1_loweralpha-space#1-9_3
./mysqlsha1/mysqlsha1_mixalpha-numeric-symbol32-space#1-7_0
./mysqlsha1/mysqlsha1_mixalpha-numeric-symbol32-space#1-7_1
./mysqlsha1/mysqlsha1_mixalpha-numeric-symbol32-space#1-7_2
./mysqlsha1/mysqlsha1_mixalpha-numeric-symbol32-space#1-7_3
./mysqlsha1/mysqlsha1_numeric#1-12_0
./mysqlsha1/mysqlsha1_numeric#1-12_1
./mysqlsha1/mysqlsha1_numeric#1-12_2
./mysqlsha1/mysqlsha1_numeric#1-12_3
./mysqlsha1/rainbow table software
./ntlm
./ntlm/ntlm_alpha-space#1-9_0
./ntlm/ntlm_alpha-space#1-9_1
./ntlm/ntlm_alpha-space#1-9_2
./ntlm/ntlm_alpha-space#1-9_3
./ntlm/ntlm_hybrid2(alpha#1-1,loweralpha#5-5,loweralpha-numeric#2-2,numeric#1-3)#0-0_0
./ntlm/ntlm_hybrid2(alpha#1-1,loweralpha#5-5,loweralpha-numeric#2-2,numeric#1-3)#0-0_1
./ntlm/ntlm_hybrid2(alpha#1-1,loweralpha#5-5,loweralpha-numeric#2-2,numeric#1-3)#0-0_2
./ntlm/ntlm_hybrid2(alpha#1-1,loweralpha#5-5,loweralpha-numeric#2-2,numeric#1-3)#0-0_3
./ntlm/ntlm_hybrid2(loweralpha#7-7,numeric#1-3)#0-0_0
./ntlm/ntlm_hybrid2(loweralpha#7-7,numeric#1-3)#0-0_1
./ntlm/ntlm_hybrid2(loweralpha#7-7,numeric#1-3)#0-0_2
./ntlm/ntlm_hybrid2(loweralpha#7-7,numeric#1-3)#0-0_3
./ntlm/ntlm_loweralpha-numeric#1-10_0
./ntlm/ntlm_loweralpha-numeric#1-10_16
./ntlm/ntlm_loweralpha-numeric#1-10_24
./ntlm/ntlm_loweralpha-numeric#1-10_8
./ntlm/ntlm_loweralpha-numeric-space#1-8_0
./ntlm/ntlm_loweralpha-numeric-space#1-8_1
./ntlm/ntlm_loweralpha-numeric-space#1-8_2
./ntlm/ntlm_loweralpha-numeric-space#1-8_3
./ntlm/ntlm_loweralpha-numeric-symbol32-space#1-7_0
./ntlm/ntlm_loweralpha-numeric-symbol32-space#1-7_1
./ntlm/ntlm_loweralpha-numeric-symbol32-space#1-7_2
./ntlm/ntlm_loweralpha-numeric-symbol32-space#1-7_3
./ntlm/ntlm_loweralpha-numeric-symbol32-space#1-8_0
./ntlm/ntlm_loweralpha-numeric-symbol32-space#1-8_1
./ntlm/ntlm_loweralpha-numeric-symbol32-space#1-8_2
./ntlm/ntlm_loweralpha-numeric-symbol32-space#1-8_3
./ntlm/ntlm_loweralpha-space#1-9_0
./ntlm/ntlm_loweralpha-space#1-9_1
./ntlm/ntlm_loweralpha-space#1-9_2
./ntlm/ntlm_loweralpha-space#1-9_3
./ntlm/ntlm_mixalpha-numeric#1-8_0
./ntlm/ntlm_mixalpha-numeric#1-8_1
./ntlm/ntlm_mixalpha-numeric#1-8_2
./ntlm/ntlm_mixalpha-numeric#1-8_3
./ntlm/ntlm_mixalpha-numeric#1-9_0
./ntlm/ntlm_mixalpha-numeric#1-9_16
./ntlm/ntlm_mixalpha-numeric#1-9_32
./ntlm/ntlm_mixalpha-numeric#1-9_48
./ntlm/ntlm_mixalpha-numeric-all-space#1-7_0
./ntlm/ntlm_mixalpha-numeric-all-space#1-7_1
./ntlm/ntlm_mixalpha-numeric-all-space#1-7_2
./ntlm/ntlm_mixalpha-numeric-all-space#1-7_3
./ntlm/ntlm_mixalpha-numeric-all-space#1-8_0
./ntlm/ntlm_mixalpha-numeric-all-space#1-8_16
./ntlm/ntlm_mixalpha-numeric-all-space#1-8_24
./ntlm/ntlm_mixalpha-numeric-all-space#1-8_32
./ntlm/ntlm_mixalpha-numeric-all-space#1-8_8
./ntlm/ntlm_mixalpha-numeric-space#1-7_0
./ntlm/ntlm_mixalpha-numeric-space#1-7_1
./ntlm/ntlm_mixalpha-numeric-space#1-7_2
./ntlm/ntlm_mixalpha-numeric-space#1-7_3
./ntlm/rainbow table software
./rainbow table software
./rainbow table software/Free Rainbow Tables » Distributed Rainbow Table Generation » LM, NTLM, MD5, SHA1, HALFLMCHALL, MSCACHE.mht
./rainbow table software/converti2_0.3_src.7z
./rainbow table software/converti2_0.3_win32_mingw.7z
./rainbow table software/converti2_0.3_win32_vc.7z
./rainbow table software/converti2_0.3_win64_mingw.7z
./rainbow table software/converti2_0.3_win64_vc.7z
./rainbow table software/rcracki_mt_0.7.0_linux_x86_64.7z
./rainbow table software/rcracki_mt_0.7.0_src.7z
./rainbow table software/rcracki_mt_0.7.0_win32_mingw.7z
./rainbow table software/rcracki_mt_0.7.0_win32_vc.7z
./rainbow table software/rti2formatspec.pdf
./rainbow table software/rti2rto_0.3_beta2_win32_vc.7z
./rainbow table software/rti2rto_0.3_beta2_win64_vc.7z
./rainbow table software/rti2rto_0.3_src.7z
./rainbow table software/rti2rto_0.3_win32_mingw.7z
./rainbow table software/rti2rto_0.3_win64_mingw.7z
./word lists
./word lists/SecLists-master.rar
./word lists/WPA-PSK WORDLIST 3 Final (13 GB).rar
./word lists/Word Lists archive - infocon.org.torrent
./word lists/crackstation-human-only.txt.rar
./word lists/crackstation.realuniq.rar
./word lists/fbnames.rar
./word lists/human0id word lists.rar
./word lists/openlibrary_wordlist.rar
./word lists/pwgen.rar
./word lists/pwned-passwords-2.0.txt.rar
./word lists/pwned-passwords-ordered-2.0.rar
./word lists/xsukax 128GB word list all 2017 Oct.7z

Drive 3

Drive 3 contains more rainbow tables, this time for A5-1 (GSM encryption), and extensive tables for MD5. It appears to contain the same software and wordlists as Drive 2.

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./A51
./A51 rainbow tables - infocon.org.torrent
./A51/Decoding-Gsm.pdf
./A51/a51_table_100.dlt
./A51/a51_table_108.dlt
./A51/a51_table_116.dlt
./A51/a51_table_124.dlt
./A51/a51_table_132.dlt
./A51/a51_table_140.dlt
./A51/a51_table_148.dlt
./A51/a51_table_156.dlt
./A51/a51_table_164.dlt
./A51/a51_table_172.dlt
./A51/a51_table_180.dlt
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CVE-2019-10071: Timing Attack in HMAC Verification in Apache Tapestry

23 Aug 2019 in Security (Reading time: 1 minute)

Description

Apache Tapestry uses HMACs to verify the integrity of objects stored on the client side. This was added to address the Java deserialization vulnerability disclosed in CVE-2014-1972. In the fix for the previous vulnerability, the HMACs were compared by string comparison, which is known to be vulnerable to timing attacks.

Affected Versions

  • Apache Tapestry 5.3.6 through current releases.

Mitigation

No new release of Tapestry has occurred since the issue was reported. Affected organizations may want to consider locally applying commit d3928ad44714b949d247af2652c84dae3c27e1b1.

Timeline

  • 2019-03-12: Issue discovered.
  • 2019-03-13: Issue reported to security@apache.org.
  • 2019-03-29: Pinged thread to ask for update.
  • 2019-04-19: Fix committed.
  • 2019-04-23: Asked about release timeline, response “in the upcoming months”
  • 2019-05-28: Pinging again about release.
  • 2019-06-24: Asked again, asked for CVE number assigned. No update on timeline.
  • 2019-08-22: Disclosure posted.

Credit

This vulnerability was discovered by David Tomaschik of the Google Security Team.